Table A2:
Multilevel Regression of Support for Income Redistribution (additional
models) |
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MA4 |
MA5 |
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Individual-level Variables |
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Economic threat of migration |
0.037 |
* |
0.040 |
*** |
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Cultural threat of migration |
-0.027 |
** |
-0.025 |
** |
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Welfare abuse of migrants |
-0.005 |
|
-0.008 |
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Left-Right-Scale |
-0.235 |
*** |
-0.234 |
*** |
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Gender (man=1) |
-0.095 |
*** |
-0.097 |
*** |
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Age |
0.041 |
*** |
0.041 |
*** |
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Age2 |
-0.021 |
** |
-0.021 |
** |
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Household income |
-0.129 |
*** |
-0.128 |
*** |
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Education |
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ISCED 0-1 |
0.128 |
** |
0.128 |
** |
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ISCED 2 |
0.134 |
** |
0.135 |
** |
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ISCED 3 |
0.110 |
** |
0.115 |
** |
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ISCED 4 |
Ref. |
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Ref. |
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ISCED 5-6 |
-0.068 |
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-0.064 |
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Bad health status |
0.058 |
*** |
0.058 |
*** |
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Married/Civilian partnership |
0.039 |
** |
0.038 |
** |
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Employment Status |
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In paid work |
-0.012 |
|
-0.012 |
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In education |
-0.110 |
** |
-0.110 |
** |
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Unemployed |
0.081 |
* |
0.084 |
* |
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Not in labor force |
Ref. |
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Ref. |
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Country-level Variables |
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Salience pro-welfare issues |
0.173 |
** |
0.177 |
** |
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Salience anti-migrant issues |
0.024 |
|
0.023 |
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* Economic threat of migration |
0.003 |
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* Cultural threat of migration |
-0.016 |
* |
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* Welfare abuse of migrants |
|
-0.030 |
** |
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Welfare Regime |
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Liberal |
Ref. |
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Ref. |
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Socio-democratic |
-0.331 |
* |
-0.331 |
* |
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Conservative |
0.142 |
|
0.136 |
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Constant |
0.052 |
|
0.052 |
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Variance Components |
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Var(Constant) |
0.0279 |
*** |
0.0297 |
*** |
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Var(Economic threat of
migration) |
0.0025 |
*** |
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Var(Cultural threat of
migration) |
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Var(Welfare abuse of migrants) |
|
0.0008 |
*** |
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Var(Residuals) |
0.8177 |
*** |
0.8185 |
*** |
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Statistics |
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N |
14 |
14 |
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n |
17,792 |
17,792 |
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R2 Level 2 (Snijders/Bosker) |
67.74% |
67.32% |
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R2 Level 1 (Snijders/Bosker) |
16.06% |
16.08% |
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Log Likelihood |
-23,492.29 |
-23,496.11 |
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Wald chi2(df) |
2,147.00 |
2,186.31 |
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AIC |
47,038.59 |
47,044.21 |
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Notes:
* p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001 (one-sided tests). All continuous
variables are z-standardized. |
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