| Table A2: Multilevel Regression of Support for Income Redistribution (additional models) | ||||||||
| MA4 | MA5 | |||||||
| Individual-level Variables | ||||||||
| Economic threat of migration | 0.037 | * | 0.040 | *** | ||||
| Cultural threat of migration | -0.027 | ** | -0.025 | ** | ||||
| Welfare abuse of migrants | -0.005 | -0.008 | ||||||
| Left-Right-Scale | -0.235 | *** | -0.234 | *** | ||||
| Gender (man=1) | -0.095 | *** | -0.097 | *** | ||||
| Age | 0.041 | *** | 0.041 | *** | ||||
| Age2 | -0.021 | ** | -0.021 | ** | ||||
| Household income | -0.129 | *** | -0.128 | *** | ||||
| Education | ||||||||
| ISCED 0-1 | 0.128 | ** | 0.128 | ** | ||||
| ISCED 2 | 0.134 | ** | 0.135 | ** | ||||
| ISCED 3 | 0.110 | ** | 0.115 | ** | ||||
| ISCED 4 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| ISCED 5-6 | -0.068 | -0.064 | ||||||
| Bad health status | 0.058 | *** | 0.058 | *** | ||||
| Married/Civilian partnership | 0.039 | ** | 0.038 | ** | ||||
| Employment Status | ||||||||
| In paid work | -0.012 | -0.012 | ||||||
| In education | -0.110 | ** | -0.110 | ** | ||||
| Unemployed | 0.081 | * | 0.084 | * | ||||
| Not in labor force | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Country-level Variables | ||||||||
| Salience pro-welfare issues | 0.173 | ** | 0.177 | ** | ||||
| Salience anti-migrant issues | 0.024 | 0.023 | ||||||
| * Economic threat of migration | 0.003 | |||||||
| * Cultural threat of migration | -0.016 | * | ||||||
| * Welfare abuse of migrants | -0.030 | ** | ||||||
| Welfare Regime | ||||||||
| Liberal | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Socio-democratic | -0.331 | * | -0.331 | * | ||||
| Conservative | 0.142 | 0.136 | ||||||
| Constant | 0.052 | 0.052 | ||||||
| Variance Components | ||||||||
| Var(Constant) | 0.0279 | *** | 0.0297 | *** | ||||
| Var(Economic threat of migration) | 0.0025 | *** | ||||||
| Var(Cultural threat of migration) | ||||||||
| Var(Welfare abuse of migrants) | 0.0008 | *** | ||||||
| Var(Residuals) | 0.8177 | *** | 0.8185 | *** | ||||
| Statistics | ||||||||
| N | 14 | 14 | ||||||
| n | 17,792 | 17,792 | ||||||
| R2 Level 2 (Snijders/Bosker) | 67.74% | 67.32% | ||||||
| R2 Level 1 (Snijders/Bosker) | 16.06% | 16.08% | ||||||
| Log Likelihood | -23,492.29 | -23,496.11 | ||||||
| Wald chi2(df) | 2,147.00 | 2,186.31 | ||||||
| AIC | 47,038.59 | 47,044.21 | ||||||
| Notes: * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001 (one-sided tests). All continuous variables are z-standardized. | ||||||||
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